Research has shown that the connectivity between different regions of the brain can be altered in individuals with ADHD. Functional MRI (fMRI) studies indicate that the communication between the prefrontal cortex and other brain regions is often disrupted, leading to problems with attention regulation and impulse control.

The default mode network (DMN) and task positive network (TPN) are two key networks involved in attention regulation. In individuals with ADHD, these networks often exhibit abnormal connectivity. DMN is usually active during rest and mind wandering, while TPN is active during focused tasks. In people with ADHD, the DMN tends to remain active even when the individual is trying to focus, resulting in difficulty maintaining attention on tasks.

Adhd and brain development

Adhd has also been linked to delayed brain development. A landmark study conducted by the National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) found that the brains of children with ADHD develop about three years later than those without ADHD. This delay is particularly pronounced in the frontal regions of the brain, which are critical for executive function.

Delayed maturation not only affects cognitive function, but also emotional regulation. This developmental lag can lead to difficulties in social interactions, academic performance, and behavior management, often leading to depression and low self-esteem in children with ADHD.